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Panimula sa hydrogen energy at fuel cells

2022-08-23

Ang mga fuel cell ay maaaring nahahati salamad ng pagpapalitan ng proton fuel cells (PEMFC) at direct methanol fuel cells ayon sa mga electrolyte properties at fuel na ginamit

(DMFC), phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC), molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), alkaline fuel cell (AFC), atbp. Halimbawa, ang proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) ay pangunahing umaasa salamad ng pagpapalitan ng proton transfer proton medium, alkaline fuel cells (AFC) ay gumagamit ng alkaline water-based electrolyte tulad ng potassium hydroxide solution bilang proton transfer medium, atbp. Bilang karagdagan, ayon sa temperatura ng pagtatrabaho, ang mga fuel cell ay maaaring nahahati sa mataas na temperatura na mga fuel cell at mababang temperatura fuel cells, ang dating pangunahing kasama ang solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) at molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC), Ang huli ay kinabibilangan ng proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC), alkaline fuel cells (AFC), phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFC), atbp.

lamad ng pagpapalitan ng proton fuel cells (PEMFC) use water-based acidic polymer membranes as their electrolytes. PEMFC cells must operate under pure hydrogen gas due to their low operating temperatures (below 100 ° C) and the use of noble metal electrodes (platinum based electrodes). Compared with other fuel cells, PEMFC has the advantages of low operating temperature, fast start-up speed, high power density, non-corrosive electrolyte and long service life. Thus, it has become the mainstream technology currently applied to fuel cell vehicles, but also partially applied to portable and stationary devices. According to E4 Tech, PEMFC fuel cell shipments are expected to reach 44,100 units in 2019, accounting for 62% of the global share; The estimated installed capacity reaches 934.2MW, accounting for 83% of the global proportion.

Gumagamit ang mga fuel cell ng electrochemical reactions upang i-convert ang kemikal na enerhiya mula sa fuel (hydrogen) sa anode at oxidant (oxygen) sa cathode sa kuryente upang himukin ang buong sasakyan. Sa partikular, ang mga pangunahing bahagi ng mga fuel cell ay kinabibilangan ng engine system, auxiliary power supply at motor; Kabilang sa mga ito, ang sistema ng makina ay pangunahing kinabibilangan ng makina na binubuo ng electric reactor, sistema ng imbakan ng hydrogen ng sasakyan, sistema ng paglamig at converter ng boltahe ng DCDC. Ang reaktor ay ang pinaka kritikal na bahagi. Ito ang lugar kung saan ang hydrogen at oxygen ay tumutugon. Binubuo ito ng maraming solong cell na nakasalansan, at ang mga pangunahing materyales ay kinabibilangan ng bipolar plate, membrane electrode, end plate at iba pa.

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